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2.20   Employee benefits plans                               Balance Sheet with a corresponding charge or
                                                                           credit to retained earnings through OCI in the
              2.20.1   In respect of the Company and domestic
                                                                           period in which they occur. Remeasurements are
                    subsidiaries
                                                                           not reclassified to the Consolidated Statement of
                    Employee benefits consist of provident fund,            Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.
                    superannuation fund, gratuity fund, compensated
                                                                            Changes in the present value of the defined benefit
                    absences, long service awards, post-retirement
                                                                           obligation resulting from plan amendments or
                    medical benefits, directors’ retirement obligations and
                                                                           curtailments are recognised immediately in the
                    family benefit scheme.
                                                                           Consolidated Statement Profit and Loss as past
                    (i)  Post-employment benefit plans                     service cost.
                       Defined contribution plans                         (ii) Short-term employee benefits
                       Payments to a defined contribution retirement            The short-term employee benefits expected to
                       benefit scheme for eligible employees in the form    be paid in exchange for the services rendered by
                       of superannuation fund are charged as an expense    employees is recognised during the period when
                       as they fall due. Such benefits are classified as     the employee renders the service. These benefits
                       Defined Contribution Schemes as the Group does       include compensated absences such as paid
                       not carry any further obligations, apart from the   annual leave and performance incentives which
                       contributions made.                                 are expected to occur within twelve months after
                                                                           the end of the period in which the employee
                       Defined benefit plans
                                                                           renders the related services.
                       Contributions to a Provident Fund are made
                                                                              The cost of compensated absences is accounted as
                       to  Trusts administered by the Group/Regional
                                                                           under:
                       Provident Fund Commissioners and are charged
                       to the Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss            (a)  In case of accumulating compensated
                       as incurred. The Group is liable for the contribution   absences, when employees render service
                       and any shortfall in interest between the amount        that increase their entitlement of future
                       of interest realised by the investments and the         compensated absences; and
                       interest payable to members at the rate declared
                                                                            (b)  In case of non - accumulating compensated
                       by the Government of India in respect of the Trust
                                                                               absence, when the absences occur.
                       administered by the Group companies.
                                                                         (iii)  Other long-term employee benefits
                       For defined benefit schemes in the form of gratuity
                       fund, post-retirement medical benefits, pension            Compensated absences which are not expected to
                       liabilities (including directors) and family benefit   occur within twelve months after the end of the
                       scheme, the cost of providing benefits is actuarially   period in which the employee renders the related
                       determined using the projected unit credit          services are recognised as a liability. The cost of
                       method, with actuarial valuations being carried out   providing benefits is actuarially determined using
                       at each Balance Sheet date.                         the projected unit credit method, with actuarial
                                                                           valuations being carried out at each Balance
                       The retirement benefit obligation recognised in
                                                                           Sheet date. Long Service Awards are recognised
                       the Consolidated Balance Sheet represents the
                                                                           as a liability at the present value of the obligation
                       present value of the defined benefit obligation as
                                                                           at the Balance Sheet date. All gains/losses due to
                       reduced by the fair value of scheme assets.
                                                                           actuarial valuations are immediately recognised in
                       The present value of the said obligation is         the Consolidated Statement of profit and loss.
                       determined by discounting the estimated future
                                                                   2.20.2   In respect of overseas subsidiaries, the liabilities
                       cash outflows, using market yields of government
                                                                         for employee benefits are determined and
                       bonds of equivalent term and currency to the
                                                                         accounted as per the regulations and principles
                       liability.
                                                                         followed in the respective countries
                       The interest income / (expense) are calculated
                                                                         (i)  Defined contribution schemes
                       by applying the discount rate to the net defined
                       benefit liability or asset. The net interest income   The  USA  subsidiaries  sponsors  defined
                       / (expense) on the net defined benefit liability is   contribution retirement savings plans. Participation
                       recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Profit   in one of these plans is available to substantially
                       and loss.                                           all represented and non-represented employees.
                                                                           These subsidiaries match employee contributions
                       Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains
                                                                           up to certain predefined limits for non-represented
                       and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (if any),
                                                                           employees based upon eligible compensation and
                       are recognised immediately in the Consolidated
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